HOW DO I KNOW A BOOK IS ‘RIGHT’ FOR MY CHILD?
Independent readers
1. Taste Test. Ask your child to read the first few pages of a book and to consider whether they feel comfortable reading it before they decide to read it all.
2. Five finger test. Ask your child to read the first page or two of a book and to put a finger on words they don’t understand or can’t read. If they can’t read five of the words on a page, the book is probably too hard.
3. Motivation is a great help. Some children will persevere with a book that is challenging for them because they really ‘want’ to read it. But it is important that they know that it could be hard before they start so they don’t get frustrated and give up!
4. An easy-read. ‘Reading for leisure should be a pleasure.’ So even if your child is a good reader, they may enjoy an easy-read from time to time.
5. It’s OK to reject a book. Let your child know that it is all right to choose not to read a book if they think it is too hard — for now. It is better that they read and enjoy what they do read.
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LET YOUR CHILD CHOOSE BOOKS
Independent readers
1. Let you child choose books that interest them. Do they like animals? Fantasy? Comics? All reading is worthwhile.
2. Picture books are great for everyone. A good picture book has many layers to it and will be read and re-read. Children need to ‘read’ illustrations as well as words.
3. Talk about the books you enjoyed as a child. Many classic books stand the test of time. Share books you loved with your children. Start by reading them aloud.
4. Browse and discover. Spend time with your child in a bookshop or library and read the blurbs and a few pages of unfamiliar books to see what you can find.
5. Favourite series or authors. Support you child’s interest in books in the same series or by the same author.
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GUESS THE LETTER
Beginning readers
What you need: 26 (or 52) index cards
1. Write the letters on cards. Invite/help your child to write the 26 letters of the alphabet on cards. Or for an extra challenge, write a separate card for each upper- and lower-case letter.
2. Pick a card and act it out. Ask your child to pick out a card then act out something that starts with the letter on the card. You have to guess what they are doing and the letter.
3. You take a turn to pick a card and act it out. Your child has to identify what you are doing and the letter it starts with. Take another card if you or your child can’t guess the word after a period of time. (Maybe use an egg timer.)
4. And the winner is … The first to get 10 letters correct.
5. Make it harder for older readers. Instead of letters that begin words, choose words that end in the letter, or two or more letters together (pl, st, fr, sh, wh).
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DEVELOPING CREATIVITY
All readers
Encourage your child to be creative inside and outside the home.
1. Use raw materials. Make a collection of old scraps of material, paints, magazines, modelling clay and other bits and pieces that can be used to make models or collages. Ask your children to explain what they create and how they made it.
2. Picture it. Under supervision, encourage your children to take digital photographs or videos. Ask them to select the images they like most and to explain why.
3. Think it through. Allow your children to figure some things out for themselves: what to order for lunch, what to wear on a special occasion, how to help a friend. Show them that their decisions and opinions are important and also have consequences.
4. Play some different music. Borrow CDs from the library to listen to different types of music. Talk about what your children like or dislike about the music and their reasoning.
5. Gift-giving time. Encourage your children to make a gift by cooking or making something, performing a sketch, song or poem or doing something practical, such as planting some seedlings for an elderly relative.
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WHY JOHNNY WON’T OR CAN’T READ
All readers
Many parents are concerned that their children can’t or won’t read. Sometimes the children lack the skills and reading strategies and sometimes they lack the motivation.
1. Get a reading diagnosis. Talk to your child’s teacher about your child’s strengths and weaknesses with reading. If they have the right skills it may be that they lack motivation in finding things of interest to read. If they lack reading skills specific help may be required.
2. Read aloud — don’t stop too soon. Reading aloud is especially important for struggling readers. They may avoid reading if they have difficulty and so lack the practice they need to develop their vocabulary and comprehension. If they don’t get it …
3. Remind your child to re-read parts they don’t understand. It is normal to read forward and back to help clarify understanding — or ask for help.
4. Nothing succeeds like success. Celebrate small steps such as learning some new words, reading a simple book or summarising what your child has read.
5. Let your child choose what they want to read. Joke books, comics, magazines or books other kids are reading could open the door to reading enjoyment. Talk about what your child reads and why they like or dislike it.
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GIVE KIDS A CHOICE
All readers
Being able to choose what they read encourages some so-called ‘reluctant readers’ to find their interest in reading.
1. No pressure — let children choose what they want to read. It is not the amount children read, it is that they want to read that is important, so let them choose things they want to read — even comics, magazines, cookbooks or appropriate websites.
2. Find out what others like. Peruse book reviews or lists or ask your local librarian what is ‘hot’ for kids to read. Find out what appeals to your children, rather than what appeals to you!
3. Listening is reading — consider audio books. Fluency with reading improves if children follow along as they are read to. Listen to audio books in the car, or download audio books onto your children’s iPods so they can listen to them privately.
4. Book groups are great. Ask your children if they’d like to get together with other children who might like to read and talk about a book. Try an ‘all boys’ book group or a grandparents–grandchild book group - any way to get kids talking about books.
5. Read anywhere and everywhere. Encourage your child to read to you menus, maps, train schedules, flavours at the ice-cream shop, specials at the supermarket, music and movie reviews — anything that interests them.
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GREAT DEBATE
All readers
Forming opinions and respecting others’ opinions is an important literacy skill.
1. Choose a topic to debate. Pick a topic such as music, clothes, sport, movies or hairstyles to debate with your child.
2. Form a question. Refine the topic so that you come up with a specific question or issue, for example “Is it too dangerous to swim when sharks are around?” or “Can you wear jeans anywhere?”.
3. Choose sides and prepare. Decide who is to present arguments FOR and AGAINST the question. Along with your child, prepare at least three points for each side of the argument.
4. Debate it. Alternate presenting arguments and allow time to ‘rebut’ each other’s arguments.
5. Judge it. Ask someone ‘neutral’ to judge the debate. And remind your children that it is all right to have different opinions, but it is also important to respect others’ opinions.
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5 WAYS TO RAISE A READER
All readers
Make reading part of everyday life.
1. Start a family book group. Choose a book for all the family to read and then make a specific time to discuss it.
2. E-newsletters. Supervise your child as they sign up to children’s e-newsletters from zoos, museums, libraries or other sources that are of interest.
3. Make a fact–fiction connection. After your children have read fiction stories about a topic, provide them with newspaper or magazine articles, nonfiction or other factual information on the same topic.
4. Read for fun. Enjoy reading comics, magazines, short stories and humorous books just for fun!
5. Show that you are a reader. Kids are more likely to grow up enjoying reading if they see you enjoying it too.
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GET CREATIVE WITH LITERACY
All readers
Artistic activities stretch your child’s imagination and boost their reading skills.
1. Visualise it. Ask your children to draw, paint or make models of scenes of a story they’ve read.
2. Paint a portrait. Encourage your children to draw or paint the way they ‘see’ a character in a book in their mind, focusing on facial expressions, physical appearance, clothes etc.
3. Get dramatic. Children love to dramatise stories. Encourage them to retell a story dramatically or read it with different voices for different characters either alone, or with siblings or friends.
4. Sell a story. Ask your children to ‘advertise’ to others a good book they have read.
5. Put it to music. With your children invent new lyrics to fit to a known tune and sing and enjoy them. It could be a ‘parody’ that is a send-up of an original song or idea, or words that just fit with the music.
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LITERACY-BUILDING TIPS
All readers
Providing literacy opportunities at home helps your child to continue to develop their vocabulary, reading and writing skills.
1. Fill your home with reading. Whether it is another title from a favourite series, sports magazines or pages, or comic books, any kind of daily reading is good for your children.
2. Play writing games together. Save the kids’ crosswords, word-searches, anagrams or cryptograms from newspapers or magazines. They are great for building vocabulary and stretching thinking skills.
3. Read and do. Provide cookbooks, ‘how-to’ books and other activity books and ask your children to follow the instructions and cook or make something.
4. Turn off the TV. Set aside time to do family literacy things together — play board games, tell stories or jokes, present concerts or just sit on the couch and read together.
5. Choose a different book. Challenge your children to go to a library or book shop and choose a book that interests them but is different to the books they usually read.
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WHAT’S IN A POEM?
Independent Readers
Reading poetry with children expands their vocabulary, reading experience and skills. It can also be loads of fun! Encourage your children to look for examples of the following poetry forms or techniques in what they read — and to practise writing their own.
1. Alliteration repeats the same initial consonant in several words in the same phrase or sentence. Example: Angus the alligator always ate apples. Pick a different letter each day for a week, and see how many words can be put into a sentence using alliteration.
2. A couplet is a pair of lines that are the same length, usually rhyme and form a complete thought. Example: It was a windy, dark and stormy night, The shadows of trees gave Sam a fright.
3. A simile describes something by comparing it to something else using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’. Examples: The boy was as thin as a stick. The moon was like a glowing ball.
4. A metaphor compares two things saying something is something else and does not use ‘like’ or ‘as. Examples: The sunset was a painting. My brother’s stomach is a bottomless pit.
5. Onomatopoeia is a word that sounds like the thing it stands for. Examples: zoom, pop, bang, slurp, splat.
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BUILD VOCABULARY — ROOT WORDS
Independent Readers
Understanding a root word and the prefixes (beginnings) and suffixes (endings) that go with a root word is a great way to build children’s vocabulary. Encourage your children to make colourful and interesting Word Posters. Make a different poster for:
1. Un-. Un- before a word (prefix) means not. So unlucky means not lucky and unhappy means not happy.
2. -ful. An ending (suffix) of -ful (not full) means full of. So helpful means full of help and thankful means full of thanks. Remind children that some words that end in –ful change the spelling of the root word (particularly if it ends in a y), so beauty + ful = beautiful and mercy + ful + merciful.
3. -less. An ending of -less means without. So meaningless means without meaning and careless means without care.
4. Re-. Re- at the beginning of a word means again. So reread means read again and repaint means paint again.
5. Semi-. Semi- as a prefix means half or part. So semicircle means half a circle and semi-permanent means partly permanent.
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BREAKING BAD READING HABITS
Independent Readers
What if my child …
1. reads with little or no light. Provide a comfortable chair or beanbag that has a special reading light and make a Book Nook.
2. won’t put down their book during dinner. Give them a 15 minute warning before dinner to finish the page, paragraph or chapter. Ask them what they’re reading about during dinner.
3. forgets to return books to the library. Use a visual reminder, such as a library box or bag. After each book is finished, it is dropped in until it is due back. Schedule when books are to be returned on a wall calendar.
4. reads instead of doing homework. Be firm: reading for leisure comes after homework. Agree to study breaks so your child can read a chapter or two to break up extended homework assignments.
5. sneaks in reading after bedtime. Factor in reading time when setting bed-time, maybe half an hour before lights-out. Allow one special reading night — maybe on weekends, when children can stay up reading later than usual. Read aloud together. Then you can turn off the light.
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DEVELOP AN ‘EAR’ FOR RHYMING
Beginning Readers
Being able to hear similar sounds in words is an essential skill for beginning readers. This is called phonemic awareness.
1. Sing! Sing! Sing! Traditional and modern songs are full of rhyme. Sing along with them over and over. Then occasionally stop and talk about which words or sounds are alike.
2. Create your own songs. Children will love songs you make up just doing things around the house, such as ‘This is the way we wash our hands…’ You don’t have to be a good singer, just have fun.
3. Combine rhymes or songs with rhythmic clapping or movements. Use familiar rhymes such as, Ten Little Monkeys Jumping on the Bed or songs such as, Do Your Ears Hang Low?
4. Snap-clap. Encourage children to make a similar move or sound when they hear similar sounding words in a rhyme.
5. Word Play. Make up silly sentences of rhyming words. For example: ‘Matt is a fat cat, sitting on a flat mat.’
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HOW DO I … get my child to read something besides their one favourite book?
All Readers
Re-reading a familiar book is a good because it builds fluency, but there are many ways to encourage your children to read other books.
1. Start with a similar book. Find the next book in the series, another book on the same topic or by the same author.
2. Go to the library. Spend time browsing books in the library so your child can see how many options there are and ask a librarian to give recommendations related to your child’s interest.
3. Put out a challenge. Ask your child to find a new book to read once a week, and to tell you what they liked or disliked about it in comparison to their favourite book.
4. Read aloud. Introduce other books you like by reading them aloud.
5. Listen up! Ask your child to read a different book to you each week.
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THE POWER OF STORIES
All Readers
Many stories help children connect to experiences beyond their immediate world.
1. Preview books carefully. Consider you child’s interest, age and attention span. Select books about familiar experiences, such as the main character being a similar age to your child. Look for books with underlying themes or values you want to share.
2. Set a purpose for reading. Rather than expecting your child to listen to a story and appreciate the message, guide them in what to listen for.
3. Draw attention to the point of the story. Think about ‘learning between the lines’. Rather than interrupting a story’s flow by quizzing your child, use the moment it takes to turn the page to wonder out loud about the meaning. Don’t forget to look closely at the illustrations of a picture book. They may tell a different story to the words!
4. Encourage your child to think critically. Stories are a safe way for your child to explore emotions and behaviours and how they feel about what they read.
5. Discuss the book and what it means to your child. Lead your child to think out loud about what they learnt from the story and what applies to them in their world.
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IMPROVING READING COMPREHENSION
All Readers
Talking about what children read prompts them to think about what they’ve read and to read more carefully.
1. Ask about it. Ask your children what they are going to be reading about before they read and what they found out after they read.
2. Read the right books. Your child should get lots of practice reading books that are not too hard. They should be able to recognise and understand most of the words without help.
3. Re-read to build fluency. Children need to be able to read quickly and smoothly — a skill known as fluency. Re-reading simple, familiar books gives children practice in decoding words quickly, so they’ll become more fluent.
4. Wide reading. Ask your children what they are learning about in class or what interests them. Go to the library or find easy-to-read books or magazines to read about the topic. This helps build vocabulary and background knowledge.
5. Talk about words. Encourage your children to ask you about unfamiliar words and ways they can figure out what words mean.
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BUILD VOCABULARY — DESCRIPTIVE WORDS
Independent Readers
Increased vocabulary is essential to building your children’s understanding of what they read.
1. Pick a picture. With your child, look through old magazines or newspapers to find interesting pictures.
2. Stick a picture. Cut out the photos and glue each of them onto a separate piece of paper.
3. Pick a word. Encourage your child to look for words to use as captions for the pictures. They can be descriptive, humorous or just fun.
4. Stick a word. Cut the words out and paste them around the picture to describe it.
5. Make a caption. Put several words together to make captions to describe the picture. Try to find different captions for each picture.
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NATIONAL SORRY DAY IS MAY 26
READING IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Beginning Readers
Talk about language you and your children come across in everyday experiences.
1. Talk It Up ... your child’s vocabulary is essential to them understanding what they read. Help them to build their vocabulary by talking to them about interesting words and encourage them to ask you about words they don’t understand.
2. Signs and Symbols ... Point out signs and symbols you see and what they mean. It will reinforce the idea that symbols, such as the letters in words, have meaning.
3. Play ‘I Spy’ ... This is a great way to connect letters and sounds and language with the words they represent.
4. Words All Around ... Read out words you see when shopping or out and about. When children become familiar with some words, ask them to read them for you.
5. Read Aloud ... Set aside time every day to read (and re-read) favourite books. Hearing them helps familiarise children with language.
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MAY IS FAMILY READING MONTH
All readers
Take a Family Reading Challenge and build your family’s love of reading.
1. Set aside time for reading every day and a goal for the number of books your family will read in a month. It is important to set aside time for reading to, with and by your children.
2. Reading to… By reading to your children you open up the world of reading. Choose books you enjoy reading, talk about them and most of all ‘have fun’.
3. Reading with… Share reading time by reading with your children. Let them fill in missing (predictable) words as you read, or read one page or chapter to your child and then let them read the next one.
4. Reading by… Encourage your children to read to you ‘take-home’ reading books or other books they choose. Ask them about what they read: what they liked or disliked, why they chose the book, what they learnt and how they felt about what they read.
5. Chart your family’s reading during Family Reading Month. On a chart, mark each person’s name and the number of books each person reads during the month of May. Add up all the books your family read in one month — and celebrate your achievement!
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